sequenceDiagram
    participant Main as main()
    participant SPB as SpringApplication.run()
    participant SE as StandardEnvironment
    participant SCF as SpringApplicationConfiguration
    participant AC as ApplicationContext
    participant BeanFactory
    participant Events as 事件发布

    Main->>SPB: new SpringApplication(mainClass).run(args)
    
    Note over SPB,Events: 第一阶段：准备环境
    
    SPB->>SE: createEnvironment()
    SE-->>SPB: ConfigurableEnvironment
    
    SPB->>SCF: 创建 ApplicationContext 工厂
    
    Note over SPB,Events: 第二阶段：配置上下文
    
    SPB->>AC: prepareContext(environment)
    AC-->>SPB: ConfigurableApplicationContext
    
    Note over SPB,Events: 第三阶段：准备应用
    
    SPB->>AC: prepareContext(context, applicationArguments)
    SPB->>AC: postProcessApplicationContext()
    
    Note over SPB,Events: 第四阶段：刷新上下文（核心）
    
    SPB->>AC: context.refresh()
    
    rect rgba(0,100,200,0.2)
        AC->>BeanFactory: obtainFreshBeanFactory()
        AC->>BeanFactory: prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory)
        AC->>BeanFactory: postProcessBeanFactory()
        AC->>BeanFactory: invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors()
        AC->>BeanFactory: registerListeners()
        AC->>BeanFactory: instantiateSingletons()
        AC->>BeanFactory: finishBeanFactoryInitialization()
        AC->>BeanFactory: finishRefresh()
    end
    
    Note over SPB,Events: 第五阶段：收尾工作
    
    AC->>Events: publishEvent(RefreshedEvent)
    SPB->>AC: callRunners(context, args)
    SPB-->>Main: return the running application